| Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website https://jem.elmerpub.com |
Original Article
Volume 15, Number 4, October 2025, pages 153-160
The BRIDGE-DS Study: Improved Glycemic Control and Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using the Fixed-Dose Combination of Dapagliflozin and Sitagliptin
Tables
| Medical history | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| CVD: cardiovascular disease. | ||
| Statin use | 321 | 62.9 |
| Dyslipidemia | 297 | 58.2 |
| Physical inactivity | 276 | 54.1 |
| Smoking | 232 | 45.5 |
| Prior CVD history | 167 | 32.7 |
| Diuretic use | 111 | 21.8 |
| Reasons | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FDC D/S: fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; OADs: oral antidiabetic drugs. | ||
| To improve HbA1c | 470 | 92.16 |
| Glycemic variability | 348 | 68.24 |
| Weight gain | 186 | 36.47 |
| Hypoglycemia due to other GLP-1 analog/insulin/other OADs | 171 | 33.53 |
| Metformin intolerance | 10 | 34.48 |
| Improvement in CKD conditions | 10 | 34.48 |
| Reduction in nephropathy progression | 3 | 10.34 |
| Reduction in eGFR values | 2 | 0.39 |
| Obesity | 2 | 6.90 |
| Change in albumin-to-creatinine ratio | 1 | 0.20 |
| Antihypertensive, nephroprotective, cardioprotective effects | 1 | 3.45 |
| CKD | 1 | 3.45 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1 | 3.45 |
| Reduction in albuminuria | 1 | 3.45 |
| Categories | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. | ||
| Normal or high (≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 162 | 31.8 |
| Mildly decreased (60 - 89 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 188 | 36.9 |
| Mildly to moderately decreased (45 - 59 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 119 | 23.3 |
| Moderately to severely decreased (30 - 44 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 34 | 6.7 |
| Severely decreased (15 - 29 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 7 | 1.4 |
| Categories | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| ACR: albumin-creatinine ratio; CKD: chronic kidney disease. | ||
| Normal to mildly decreased (ACR: < 30 mg/g; < 3 mg/mmol) | 255 | 50.00 |
| Moderately increased (ACR: 30 - 300 mg/g; 3 - 30 mg/mmol) | 239 | 46.86 |
| Severely increased (ACR: > 300 mg/g; > 30 mg/mmol) | 16 | 3.14 |
| Parameters | N | % | Median | Q1 - Q3 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; FDC D/S: fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; PPG: post-prandial glucose; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. | |||||
| HbA1c (%) before FDC D/S | 464 | 90.98 | 9.00 | 8.50 - 9.80 | < 0.001 |
| Current HbA1c (%) after FDC D/S | 464 | 90.98 | 7.50 | 7.00 - 8.20 | |
| FPG before FDC D/S | 437 | 85.69 | 181.50 | 156.00 - 220.00 | < 0.001 |
| FPG after FDC D/S | 437 | 85.69 | 141.00 | 124.65 - 175.00 | |
| PPG before FDC D/S | 428 | 83.92 | 255.00 | 212.00 - 301.00 | < 0.001 |
| PPG after FDC D/S | 428 | 83.92 | 182.00 | 170.00 - 210.00 | |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) before FDC D/S | 386 | 75.69 | 1.90 | 1.30 - 20.00 | < 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL after FDC D/S | 386 | 75.69 | 1.53 | 1.10 - 18.00 | |
| eGFR before FDC D/S | 386 | 75.69 | 83.83 | 52.00 - 107.80 | < 0.001 |
| eGFR after FDC D/S | 386 | 75.69 | 84.00 | 61.00 - 105.81 | |
| AEs | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| AEs: adverse effects; FDC D/S: fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin. | ||
| Urinary tract infections | 125 | 24.51 |
| Dehydration | 81 | 15.88 |
| Hypoglycemia | 52 | 10.20 |
| Genital mycotic infection | 39 | 7.65 |
| Changes in serum uric acid | 32 | 6.27 |
| Decreases in renal creatinine clearance | 31 | 6.08 |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis | 28 | 5.49 |
| Hypotension | 21 | 4.12 |
| Vulvovaginitis/balanitis | 12 | 2.35 |
| Hypovolemia | 8 | 1.57 |