J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jem.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 4, October 2025, pages 153-160

The BRIDGE-DS Study: Improved Glycemic Control and Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using the Fixed-Dose Combination of Dapagliflozin and Sitagliptin

**Table 1.** Medical History of the Patient
Medical history	N	%
CVD: cardiovascular disease.
Statin use	321	62.9
Dyslipidemia	297	58.2
Physical inactivity	276	54.1
Smoking	232	45.5
Prior CVD history	167	32.7
Diuretic use	111	21.8

Table 1. Medical History of the Patient

Medical history

CVD: cardiovascular disease.

Statin use

321

62.9

Dyslipidemia

297

58.2

Physical inactivity

276

54.1

Smoking

232

45.5

Prior CVD history

167

32.7

Diuretic use

111

21.8

**Table 2.** Reasons for the Addition of FDC D/S to the Patients’ Therapeutic Regimen
Reasons	N	%
CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FDC D/S: fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA_1c: glycated hemoglobin; OADs: oral antidiabetic drugs.
To improve HbA_1c	470	92.16
Glycemic variability	348	68.24
Weight gain	186	36.47
Hypoglycemia due to other GLP-1 analog/insulin/other OADs	171	33.53
Metformin intolerance	10	34.48
Improvement in CKD conditions	10	34.48
Reduction in nephropathy progression	3	10.34
Reduction in eGFR values	2	0.39
Obesity	2	6.90
Change in albumin-to-creatinine ratio	1	0.20
Antihypertensive, nephroprotective, cardioprotective effects	1	3.45
CKD	1	3.45
Hypothyroidism	1	3.45
Reduction in albuminuria	1	3.45

Table 2. Reasons for the Addition of FDC D/S to the Patients’ Therapeutic Regimen

Reasons

CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FDC D/S: fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA_1c: glycated hemoglobin; OADs: oral antidiabetic drugs.

To improve HbA_1c

470

92.16

Glycemic variability

348

68.24

Weight gain

186

36.47

Hypoglycemia due to other GLP-1 analog/insulin/other OADs

171

33.53

Metformin intolerance

34.48

Improvement in CKD conditions

34.48

Reduction in nephropathy progression

10.34

Reduction in eGFR values

0.39

Obesity

6.90

Change in albumin-to-creatinine ratio

0.20

Antihypertensive, nephroprotective, cardioprotective effects

3.45

CKD

3.45

Hypothyroidism

3.45

Reduction in albuminuria

3.45

**Table 3.** CKD Progression by eGFR [26]
Categories	N	%
CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Normal or high (≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m²)	162	31.8
Mildly decreased (60 - 89 mL/min/1.73 m²)	188	36.9
Mildly to moderately decreased (45 - 59 mL/min/1.73 m²)	119	23.3
Moderately to severely decreased (30 - 44 mL/min/1.73 m²)	34	6.7
Severely decreased (15 - 29 mL/min/1.73 m²)	7	1.4

Table 3. CKD Progression by eGFR [26]

Categories	N	%
ACR: albumin-creatinine ratio; CKD: chronic kidney disease.
Normal to mildly decreased (ACR: < 30 mg/g; < 3 mg/mmol)	255	50.00
Moderately increased (ACR: 30 - 300 mg/g; 3 - 30 mg/mmol)	239	46.86
Severely increased (ACR: > 300 mg/g; > 30 mg/mmol)	16	3.14

Parameters	N	%	Median	Q1 - Q3	P-value
HbA_1c: glycated hemoglobin; FDC D/S: fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; PPG: post-prandial glucose; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
HbA_1c (%) before FDC D/S	464	90.98	9.00	8.50 - 9.80	< 0.001
Current HbA_1c (%) after FDC D/S	464	90.98	7.50	7.00 - 8.20
FPG before FDC D/S	437	85.69	181.50	156.00 - 220.00	< 0.001
FPG after FDC D/S	437	85.69	141.00	124.65 - 175.00
PPG before FDC D/S	428	83.92	255.00	212.00 - 301.00	< 0.001
PPG after FDC D/S	428	83.92	182.00	170.00 - 210.00
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) before FDC D/S	386	75.69	1.90	1.30 - 20.00	< 0.001
Serum creatinine (mg/dL after FDC D/S	386	75.69	1.53	1.10 - 18.00
eGFR before FDC D/S	386	75.69	83.83	52.00 - 107.80	< 0.001
eGFR after FDC D/S	386	75.69	84.00	61.00 - 105.81

AEs	N	%
AEs: adverse effects; FDC D/S: fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin.
Urinary tract infections	125	24.51
Dehydration	81	15.88
Hypoglycemia	52	10.20
Genital mycotic infection	39	7.65
Changes in serum uric acid	32	6.27
Decreases in renal creatinine clearance	31	6.08
Diabetic ketoacidosis	28	5.49
Hypotension	21	4.12
Vulvovaginitis/balanitis	12	2.35
Hypovolemia	8	1.57