| Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website https://jem.elmerpub.com |
Original Article
Volume 15, Number 2, April 2025, pages 58-63
Association of Vitamin D Serum Levels With Glycemic, Lipid Profiles, and Diabetic Complications in Saudi Type II Diabetes Patients
Tables
| Parameter | Pearson correlation | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Significant correlations: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001. BMI: body mass index. | ||
| Age | 0.175** | < 0.001 |
| Weight | -0.094* | 0.045 |
| BMI | -0.053 | 0.292 |
| Variable | Low vitamin D (n = 410) | High vitamin D (n = 90) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D is defined as levels below 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). Continuous variables analyzed using t-test; categorical variables using Chi-square test. Statistically significant: **P value < 0.01. BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein. | |||
| Gender | < 0.001** | ||
| Male | 224 (92.6%) | 18 (7.4%) | |
| Female | 186 (72.0%) | 72 (28.0%) | |
| Age (years) | 56.4 ± 11.5 | 61.2 ± 8 | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4 ± 8 | 30 ± 6 | 0.76 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 123 ± 18 | 119 ± 12 | 0.62 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.21 ± 1.9 | 6.83 ± 1.5 | 0.29 |
| Uric acid (µmol/L) | 327 ± 91 | 314 ± 88 | 0.62 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.16 ± 2.7 | 5.01 ± 2.4 | 0.73 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 75 ± 21 | 71 ± 19 | 0.68 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.53 ± 1.8 | 4.37 ± 2.5 | 0.59 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.92 ± 1.1 | 2.69 ± 0.99 | 0.13 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.16 ± 0.40 | 1.38 ± 0.25 | < 0.001** |
| Parameter | Pearson correlation | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Significant correlation: **P < 0.001. HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein. | ||
| HbA1c | -0.084 | 0.074 |
| Glucose | -0.088 | 0.099 |
| Uric acid | -0.004 | 0.950 |
| Blood urea nitrogen | -0.039 | 0.492 |
| Serum creatinine | -0.062 | 0.191 |
| LDL-cholesterol | -0.064 | 0.206 |
| HDL-cholesterol | 0.186** | < 0.001 |
| Diabetic complication | Vitamin D deficient (n, %) | Normal vitamin D (n, %) | Total (n) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Significant association: *P < 0.05. Vitamin D is defined as levels below 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). | ||||
| Retinopathy | 30 (75%) | 10 (25%) | 40 | 0.121 |
| Neuropathy | 7 (77.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | 9 | 0.032* |
| Nephropathy | 5 (71.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | 7 | 0.447 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 4 (80%) | 1 (20%) | 5 | 0.065 |
| Coronary artery disease | 18 (72%) | 7 (28%) | 25 | 0.199 |
| Stroke | 9 (75%) | 3 (25%) | 12 | 0.371 |
| Total | 73 (73.7%) | 25 (26.3%) | 98 | - |