J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jem.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 000, Number 000, May 2026, pages 000-000

The Influence of Age on the Efficacy of a Novel Antidiabetic Drug Imeglimin in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes

↓ Figure 1. Scatter plot of the serum AST, ALT, γ-GTP, and uric acid levels before and after 3 months of imeglimin treatment, with regression line for each age group. (a) Serum AST levels. (b) Serum ALT levels. (c) Serum γ-GTP levels. (d) Serum uric acid levels. In the equations, x represents baseline values, y represents values after 3 months, and z represents age. N = 52. Regression analysis was performed. AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP: γ-glutamyl transferase.

↓ **Table 1.** Patient Characteristics at Baseline
Group	Imeglimin
Data are expressed as means ± SD. SD: standard deviation.
N	52
Duration of diabetes (years)	10 ± 7
Male/female	35/14
Age (years)	63 ± 14
Age distribution (n)
30s	1
40s	11
50s	13
60s	12
70s	9
80s	6
90s	1

↓ Table 1. Patient Characteristics at Baseline

Group

Imeglimin

Data are expressed as means ± SD. SD: standard deviation.

Duration of diabetes (years)

10 ± 7

Male/female

35/14

Age (years)

63 ± 14

Age distribution (n)

30s

40s

50s

60s

70s

80s

90s

↓ **Table 2.** Responses to Imeglimin in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (N = 52 (Male: 35; Female: 17))
	Before	3 months of therapy	95% CI of difference
Data are expressed as means ± SD. P < 0.05, *P < 0.01. BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AI index: atherogenic index; L/H: LDL-C/HDL-C; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; Cre: creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation.
Body weight (kg)	74.8 ± 22.0	73.5 ± 22.3**	–2.2, –0.4
BMI (kg/m²)	27.2 ± 6.8	26.7 ± 6.9**	–0.81, –0.19
HbA1c (%)	8.6 ± 1.1	7.7 ± 1.0**	–1.2, –0.6
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	190 ± 39	177 ± 43**	–21, –4
LDL-C (mg/dL)	106 ± 32	97 ± 33**	–16, –2
HDL-C (mg/dL)	57 ± 20	56 ± 17	–3.9, 1.9
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	133± 38	121 ± 42**	–20, –3
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	191 ± 137	188 ± 278	–86, 81
AI index	2.6 ± 1.2	2.4 ± 1.1*	–0.59, –0.01
L/H	2.0 ± 0.8	1.9 ± 0.8**	–0.34, –0.06
AST (U/L)	24.2± 12.9	20.8 ± 6.4*	–6.6, –0.2
ALT (U/L)	28.8 ± 20.8	21.9 ± 12.0**	–12.0, –2.0
γ-GTP (U/L)	44.4 ± 46.5	36.9 ± 39.8	–16.5, 1.5
Cre	0.8 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.3	–0.03, 0.03
eGFR	75 ± 22	75 ± 20	–2.5, 3.1
BUN	17.1 ± 4.6	17.0 ± 4.3	–1.4, 1.2
Amylase (IU/L)	74.5 ± 36.4	74.4 ± 30.6	–8.1, 7.9
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.9 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 1.3	–0.24, 0.24

↓ Table 2. Responses to Imeglimin in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (N = 52 (Male: 35; Female: 17))

Before

3 months of therapy

95% CI of difference

Data are expressed as means ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AI index: atherogenic index; L/H: LDL-C/HDL-C; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; Cre: creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation.

Body weight (kg)

74.8 ± 22.0

73.5 ± 22.3**

–2.2, –0.4

BMI (kg/m²)

27.2 ± 6.8

26.7 ± 6.9**

–0.81, –0.19

HbA1c (%)

8.6 ± 1.1

7.7 ± 1.0**

–1.2, –0.6

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

190 ± 39

177 ± 43**

–21, –4

LDL-C (mg/dL)

106 ± 32

97 ± 33**

–16, –2

HDL-C (mg/dL)

57 ± 20

56 ± 17

–3.9, 1.9

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

133± 38

121 ± 42**

–20, –3

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

191 ± 137

188 ± 278

–86, 81

AI index

2.6 ± 1.2

2.4 ± 1.1*

–0.59, –0.01

L/H

2.0 ± 0.8

1.9 ± 0.8**

–0.34, –0.06

AST (U/L)

24.2± 12.9

20.8 ± 6.4*

–6.6, –0.2

ALT (U/L)

28.8 ± 20.8

21.9 ± 12.0**

–12.0, –2.0

γ-GTP (U/L)

44.4 ± 46.5

36.9 ± 39.8

–16.5, 1.5

Cre

0.8 ± 0.3

–0.03, 0.03

eGFR

75 ± 22

75 ± 20

–2.5, 3.1

BUN

17.1 ± 4.6

17.0 ± 4.3

–1.4, 1.2

Amylase (IU/L)

74.5 ± 36.4

74.4 ± 30.6

–8.1, 7.9

Uric acid (mg/dL)

4.9 ± 1.3

–0.24, 0.24