J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jem.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 000, Number 000, August 2026, pages 000-000

Clinicoradiological Characteristics of Adrenal Incidentaloma: An Eight-Year Data From a Tertiary Center

↓ **Table 1.** Demographic Characteristics of the Subjects (Categorical)
Variable	n	%
BMI: body mass index.
Gender
Male	140	33.5
Female	278	66.5
Age groups
< 20	4	2
20–30	3	1.5
31–40	9	4.5
41–50	51	25.5
+60	74	37
Missing age data	218
BMI group
< 18.5	1	0.5
18.5–24.9	23	11.8
25–29.9	49	25.1
30–34.9	56	28.7
35–39.9	47	24.1
> 40	19	9.7
Missing BMI data	223

↓ Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of the Subjects (Categorical)

Variable

BMI: body mass index.

Gender

Male

140

33.5

Female

278

66.5

Age groups

< 20

20–30

1.5

31–40

4.5

41–50

25.5

+60

Missing age data

218

BMI group

< 18.5

0.5

18.5–24.9

11.8

25–29.9

25.1

30–34.9

28.7

35–39.9

24.1

> 40

9.7

Missing BMI data

223

↓ **Table 2.** Distribution of Demographic Characteristics by Gender
Variable	Female	n (%)	Male	n (%)	P-value
*P < 0.05. BMI: body mass index.
Age categories (valid N = 200)					0.253
< 20	1	(0.8%)	3	(4.0%)
20–30	3	(2.4%)	0	(0.0%)
31–40	6	(4.8%)	3	(4.0%)
41–50	30	(24.0%)	21	(28.0%)
51–60	42	(33.6%)	17	(22.7%)
60+	43	(34.4%)	31	(41.3%)
Missing (N = 218)	153		65
BMI groups (valid N = 195)					0.040*
Underweight (< 18.5)	0	(0.0%)	1	(1.5%)
Normal (18.5–24.9)	12	(9.5%)	11	(16.2%)
Overweight (25–29.9)	26	(20.6%)	23	(33.8%)
Obesity I (30–34.9)	38	(30.2%)	18	(26.5%)
Obesity II (35–39.9)	33	(26.2%)	14	(20.6%)
Obesity III (> 40)	17	(13.5%)	2	(2.9%)
Missing (N = 223)	152		71

↓ Table 2. Distribution of Demographic Characteristics by Gender

Variable

Female

n (%)

Male

n (%)

P-value

*P < 0.05. BMI: body mass index.

Age categories (valid N = 200)

0.253

< 20

(0.8%)

(4.0%)

20–30

(2.4%)

(0.0%)

31–40

(4.8%)

(4.0%)

41–50

(24.0%)

(28.0%)

51–60

(33.6%)

(22.7%)

60+

(34.4%)

(41.3%)

Missing (N = 218)

153

BMI groups (valid N = 195)

0.040*

Underweight (< 18.5)

(0.0%)

(1.5%)

Normal (18.5–24.9)

(9.5%)

(16.2%)

Overweight (25–29.9)

(20.6%)

(33.8%)

Obesity I (30–34.9)

(30.2%)

(26.5%)

Obesity II (35–39.9)

(26.2%)

(20.6%)

Obesity III (> 40)

(13.5%)

(2.9%)

Missing (N = 223)

152

↓ **Table 3.** Baseline Clinical, Radiological, and Biochemical Characteristics of the Subjects
Variable	n	%
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; CT: computed tomography; DHEAS: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.
Presentation
Incidental	166	94.3
Pressure symptoms	4	2.3
Hyper functionality	6	3.4
Missing	242	57.9
Modality of diagnosis
CT	380	96.7
MRI	13	3.3
If CT
With adrenal protocol	41	10.5
Without adrenal protocol	351	89.5
Laterality
Unilateral	169	92.9
Bilateral	13	7.1
Maximum size of adenoma
< 1 cm	16	8.9
1–2 cm	112	62.2
2.1–3 cm	31	17.2
3.1–4 cm	13	7.2
> 4 cm	8	4.4
Composition
Nodule/myelolipoma/lipid rich adenoma	175	96.7
Lipid poor adenoma	6	3.3
Hounsfield Units
< 10	78	63.9
≥ 10	44	36.1
Washout
≥ 60%	16	16.8
< 60%	79	83.2
Biopsy
Done	9	6.3
Not done	134	93.7
Cortisol (post 1 mg)
< 50	91	61.9
≥ 50	56	38.1
ACTH
< 10	34	36.2
10–20	26	27.7
> 20	34	36.2
Metanephrine (plasma)
< 50	87	84.5
> 50	16	15.5
Metanephrine (urine)
< 2	59	95.2
> 2	3	4.8
Renin/aldosterone ratio
< 2	102	84.3
≥ 2	19	15.7
DHEAS
< 20	46	93.9
> 20	3	6.1

↓ Table 3. Baseline Clinical, Radiological, and Biochemical Characteristics of the Subjects

Variable

ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; CT: computed tomography; DHEAS: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

Presentation

Incidental

166

94.3

Pressure symptoms

2.3

Hyper functionality

3.4

Missing

242

57.9

Modality of diagnosis

380

96.7

MRI

3.3

If CT

With adrenal protocol

10.5

Without adrenal protocol

351

89.5

Laterality

Unilateral

169

92.9

Bilateral

7.1

Maximum size of adenoma

< 1 cm

8.9

1–2 cm

112

62.2

2.1–3 cm

17.2

3.1–4 cm

7.2

> 4 cm

4.4

Composition

Nodule/myelolipoma/lipid rich adenoma

175

96.7

Lipid poor adenoma

3.3

Hounsfield Units

< 10

63.9

≥ 10

36.1

Washout

≥ 60%

16.8

< 60%

83.2

Biopsy

Done

6.3

Not done

134

93.7

Cortisol (post 1 mg)

< 50

61.9

≥ 50

38.1

ACTH

< 10

36.2

10–20

27.7

> 20

36.2

Metanephrine (plasma)

< 50

84.5

> 50

15.5

Metanephrine (urine)

< 2

95.2

> 2

4.8

Renin/aldosterone ratio

< 2

102

84.3

≥ 2

15.7

DHEAS

< 20

93.9

> 20

6.1

↓ **Table 4.** Follow-Up Radiological Characteristics of the Subjects
Variable	n	%
CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; SD: standard deviation.
Mean follow-up, years (mean ± SD)	2.19 ± 1.56
Modality of diagnosis
CT	97	96
MRI	4	4
If CT done
With adrenal protocol	7	7.2
Without adrenal protocol	90	92.8
Laterality
Unilateral	59	92.2
Bilateral	5	7.8
Maximum size of adenoma
< 1 cm	5	6.6
1–2 cm	38	50
2.1–3 cm	25	32.9
3.1–4 cm	6	7.9
> 4 cm	2	2.6
Composition
Nodule/myelolipoma/lipid rich adenoma	67	95.7
Lipid poor adenoma	3	4.3
Hounsfield Units
< 10	15	45.5
≥ 10	18	54.5
Washout
≥ 60%	8	28.6
< 60%	20	71.4

↓ Table 4. Follow-Up Radiological Characteristics of the Subjects

Variable

CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; SD: standard deviation.

Mean follow-up, years (mean ± SD)

2.19 ± 1.56

Modality of diagnosis

MRI

If CT done

With adrenal protocol

7.2

Without adrenal protocol

92.8

Laterality

Unilateral

92.2

Bilateral

7.8

Maximum size of adenoma

< 1 cm

6.6

1–2 cm

2.1–3 cm

32.9

3.1–4 cm

7.9

> 4 cm

2.6

Composition

Nodule/myelolipoma/lipid rich adenoma

95.7

Lipid poor adenoma

4.3

Hounsfield Units

< 10

45.5

≥ 10

54.5

Washout

≥ 60%

28.6

< 60%

71.4

↓ **Table 5.** Referral and Management of the Subjects
Variable	n	%
Referred to endocrine
No	379	90.7
Yes	39	9.3
Management
Conservative	181	91
Surgical	18	9

↓ Table 5. Referral and Management of the Subjects

Variable

Referred to endocrine

379

90.7

Yes

9.3

Management

Conservative

181

Surgical